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''Nepenthes bicalcarata'' ( or ; Latin: ''bi'' "two", ''calcaratus'' "spur"), also known as the Fanged Pitcher-Plant,〔Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to northwestern Borneo. It is a myrmecophyte noted for its mutualistic association with a species of ant, ''Camponotus schmitzi''. As an ant-fed plant it lacks many of the features that characterise the carnivorous syndrome in ''Nepenthes'', including viscoelastic and highly acidic pitcher fluid, the waxy zone of the pitcher interior, and possibly even functional digestive enzymes.〔 ==Botanical history== ''Nepenthes bicalcarata'' was formally described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in his 1873 monograph, "Nepenthaceae", based on specimens collected by Hugh Low and Odoardo Beccari near the Lawas River in Borneo.〔 The type specimen, ''Low s.n.'', is deposited at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〔Schlauer, J. (''Nepenthes bicalcarata'' ). Carnivorous Plant Database.〕 Seven years later, Spencer Le Marchant Moore described ''Nepenthes dyak'', based on a specimen (''Teijsmann 10962'') collected by Johannes Elias Teijsmann from Kapuas River near Sintang in western Borneo.〔〔Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae). ''Blumea'' 42 (1): 1–106.〕 This specimen is also held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew〔 and a duplicate is deposited at the National Herbarium of the Netherlands in Leiden.〔(Specimen detail: ''Teijsmann 10962'' ). Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.〕 ''Nepenthes dyak'' was later mentioned several more times in the botanical literature,〔Burbidge, F.W. 1882. (Notes on the new ''Nepenthes''. ) ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', new series, 17(420): 56.〕〔Beccari, O. 1896. Malesia, III (1886–1890): Rivista delle specie del genere ''Nepenthes'', p. 1–15.〕 but is now considered conspecific with ''N. bicalcarta''.〔 ''Nepenthes bicalcarata'' was introduced to Europe in 1879 by British explorer Frederick William Burbidge, who collected plants for the famous Veitch Nursery. These were cultivated to larger size and distributed in 1881.〔 During this time, interest in ''Nepenthes'' had reached its peak. A note in ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'' of 1881 mentions the Veitch Nursery's ''N. bicalcarata'' as follows:〔() 1881. Messr's Veitch's Nepenthes House. ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'' n. ser. 16: 598.〕 "Then there is ''N. bicalcarata'', a most robust habited kind with sturdy foliage and bag-like pitchers provided with a vicious-looking rat-trap-like apparatus in its lid which renders it very distinct from its neighbours." Several years after its introduction, ''N. bicalcarata'' was still very much a horticultural rarity. In Veitch's catalogue for 1889, ''N. bicalcarata'' was priced at £3.3s per plant, while the famous giant-pitchered ''N. northiana'' and ''N. rajah'' were selling for £2.2s.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nepenthes bicalcarata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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